Tuning Fork and Palm Pipe Lab

Tuning Fork Lab: 

  In this lab, we graphed the frequency of the tuning fork by hitting it under our shoe and putting the microphone(attached to lab quest) close to the tuning fork to record the "ringing" noise it makes. Once we recorded that(analyzed-fft) we got the graph above. As you can see, the graphs are evenly spaced out which helps us figure out which harmonic it is in(7th harmonic). This graph means:

     - multiple harmonics-evenly spaced-multiples of 1st frequency

     - different heights of graphs-louder, more dominant

     - blend harmonics 

Palm Pipe Lab: 

    In this lab everyone was given a pipe(different sizes) and we were each expected to figure out what note the pipe hits. In order to figure this out we had to first measure the length of the pipe and the diameter. With these measurements we are now able to first solve for wavelength and then the frequency. Once we figured out the frequency we now can find which note it hits by typing in the frequency in Wolfram Alpha. After everyone had figured out what note they got, we played "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" with our Palm Pipe.

Optics&Light

Refraction:

    The law of refraction, also known as Snell's Law, is the "bending of the path of a light wave as it passes across the boundary separating two media". Meaning, the image of a refracted object seems bent, shorter than it really is, or broken. This happens because of the change in speed by a wave that 
changes medium. Each object has its own index of refraction which is why the light bends for example coming from air to acrylic. Air has an index of 1.00 and acrylic has an index of 1.49. The denser the object, the higher the index.This is an example of how you can sketch refraction:

   With the info we are given, we come up with the equation for refraction or Snell's law as-->    . In the picture below shows us a real life example of refraction. So take the first glass on the left for example. The pencil seems like its broken at the bottom. The reason why it seems like that because the index of wood is 1.3 is much denser than water so the refracted ray bends more than the incident ray.

Magnetism

Standard 6.3: Explain how objects like the earth and metals can be permanent or temporary magnets.

  In this unit we learned how the earth is like a magnet. The earth is made up of various things, like the crust, mantle, outer and inner core. The core is made of metals that are dense elements, which sink. Our outer core is molten, ionized, metals. This means that these metals are moving and the charges are able to flow easily. And because the earth is also rotating, it increase the movement of charges. These charges create the earth's magnetic field. That is why the earth is a permanent magnet. Their magnetic domains are aligned, which causes their magnetic fields to add together to make a stronger field. An example of a temporary magnet would be aluminum paper clips. In aluminum, there are domains. However they all don't line up. In the presence a permanent magnet, the paper clip then becomes a temporary magnet. 

 Earth's Core:

                                       
  Here is an example of an object, like aluminum paper clips, becoming a temporary magnet when in the presence of a permanent magnet:

Electromagnetism: Lemon Battery

Real World Connection:
http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/best-practices-for-ipad-battery-charging/
http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/ss/How-A-Battery-Works_4.htm




    This pass week we learned about electromagnetism. We discovered how and why attraction and repulsion happen. The attraction through polarization happens because like charged objects repel, oppositely charged objects attract, and neutral and charged objects attract as well. With this concept we can understand what voltage (electrical potential) and electric potential energy is. Voltage is like a "field" surrounding charged objects. Voltage is like a mountain where negative charges run "uphill" and positive charges run "downhill" because opposites attract and like charges repel.

  With what we know about electromagnetism, we can apply this knowledge to how a lemon battery works and how an ipad battery works. Before we began the lemon battery lab, we reviewed what we know about elements. There are elements that can be easily shared or taken from like copper and zinc. In this lab, the copper helps create these electrons that reacts with zinc through the wires used, causing to light the light bulb(making energy). The battery of the ipad works the same way. The battery is like the lemon. However, this battery is called a Lithium Ion battery. These batteries contain electrons that reacts well with each other to cause the ipad to work efficiently.The positive electrons attract with negative electron when being charged. The negative electrons attract to the positive electrons when being discharged:
                            















 For the future, technology will advanced. Ipads will become smaller and faster because of these lithium batteries. Lithium ions are said to be dominant rechargeable battery of technology for the future/present. Researches also found out that silicon can have 10 times more energy but breaks down easily. To solve this problem, polymer was develop to absorb 8 times the lithium and so far it hasn't broken down.

Projectiles

  In this lab we learned about projectile motions, which are objects projected in the air at an angle. Projectiles constantly accelerating in the force that gravity is acting on. Because we live in a 3-Dimensional world, we can analyze them separately. To help explain and better our understanding of this, we did a lab of an example of a projectile. In our groups we made projectiles by shooting a basketball. We recorded our shots into video physics and it helped us create projectile graphs:

We can analyze these graphs by the x-dimension and y-dimension:

X-Dimensions:
In this dimension we learned that the object will always be moving at constant speed in  (top graph)x-time and (bottom graph) v-t and over time it gains distance. It never speeds up or slows down.

Y-Dimension:
In this dimension we learned that the object is constantly accelerating. In top graph, the object is moving up but slowing down and when it reaches its highest point it stops moving then moving down but speeding up. In the bottom graph, the object is accelerating too, like the top graph. Its moving up but slowing down then stops moving at its highest point then continues moving down  but speeding up in the negative direction.

Forces in 2D

1. What does it mean to analyze forces in 2D?
2. How do forces cause objects to move in a circle?
3. What does it mean to be in orbit? How do satellites orbit planets? How do planets orbit the sun?

1. What does it mean to say we live in a 3-D universe? Well it means that there are 3 different dimensions in our world. There is a 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dimension. The 2nd and 3rd dimension have x-y components while the 4th dimension has 3-Dimensions of space and 1-Dimension of time(x, y, z, t). As a result, we can analyze these dimensions separately or independent of one another. 

2.Forces cause objects to move in a circle because they must feel a net force that always points to the center of the circular path. This is called the centripetal force. In order for this to work, a string tension pointing to the center point  must be present or else the object will travel in a straight line instead of going in a circle.

3.  To be in orbit means a path taken by an object as it circles another object. It's like how satellites orbit planets and how planets orbit the sun. With the help of the centripetal force, these satellites and planets orbit follow a path that help them move in this circular motion. It is important to understand that the gravitational force puling these objects to the center and as it moves at a constant speed happens because of the string tension that isn't being disturbed by any friction, causing it to go off in a straight line.